333. Largest BST Subtree

Input: [10,5,15,1,8,null,7]

   10 
   / \ 
  5  15 
 / \   \ 
1   8   7

Output: 3
Explanation: The Largest BST Subtree in this case is the highlighted one.
             The return value is the subtree's size, which is 3.

# Time:  O(n)
# Space: O(h)

class Solution(object):
    def largestBSTSubtree(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: int
        """
        if root is None:
            return 0

        max_size = [1]
        def largestBSTSubtreeHelper(root):
            if root.left is None and root.right is None:
                return 1, root.val, root.val

            left_size, left_min, left_max = 0, root.val, root.val
            if root.left is not None:
                left_size, left_min, left_max = largestBSTSubtreeHelper(root.left)

            right_size, right_min, right_max = 0, root.val, root.val
            if root.right is not None:
                right_size, right_min, right_max = largestBSTSubtreeHelper(root.right)

            size = 0
            if (root.left is None or left_size > 0) and \
               (root.right is None or right_size > 0) and \
               left_max <= root.val <= right_min:
                size = 1 + left_size + right_size
                max_size[0] = max(max_size[0], size)

            return size, left_min, right_max

        largestBSTSubtreeHelper(root)
        return max_size[0]