Description
Given a binary tree, return the bottom-up level order traversal of its nodes’ values. (ie, from left to right, level by level from leaf to root).
For example:
Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7],
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
return its bottom-up level order traversal as:
[
[15,7],
[9,20],
[3]
]
Solutions
先用 BFS 遍历，然后反着输出就行。
1. BFS
使用两个指针的方式判断什么时候换行，效果不是很好：
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
# def __init__(self, x):
# self.val = x
# self.left = None
# self.right = None
class Solution(object):
def levelOrderBottom(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[List[int]]
"""
if not root:
return []
res = []
queue = [root]
last = nxt_last = root
level = []
while queue:
node = queue.pop()
level.append(node.val)
if node.left:
queue.insert(0, node.left)
# level.append(node.left.val)
nxt_last = node.left
if node.right:
queue.insert(0, node.right)
# level.append(node.right.val)
nxt_last = node.right
if node == last:
last = nxt_last
res.append(level)
level = []
return res[::-1]
# Runtime: 32 ms, faster than 7.82% of Python online submissions for Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II.
# Memory Usage: 12.3 MB, less than 56.52% of Python online submissions for Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II.
这里比较慢的原因是在每一轮都用上了 insert 时间复杂度为 $O(N)$ 的操作，所以总体复杂度是 $O(N)$，那么可以用 python 的容器类来实现 queue 的操作，并采用常用的 BFS 方式：
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
# def __init__(self, x):
# self.val = x
# self.left = None
# self.right = None
class Solution(object):
def levelOrderBottom(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[List[int]]
"""
if not root:
return []
res = []
queue = collections.deque([(root, 0)])
while queue:
node, level = queue.popleft()
if node:
if level == len(res):
res.append([])
res[level].append(node.val)
queue.append((node.left, level + 1))
queue.append((node.right, level + 1))
return res[::-1]
# Runtime: 20 ms, faster than 81.64% of Python online submissions for Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II.
# Memory Usage: 12.2 MB, less than 78.26% of Python online submissions for Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II.